pneumonia in child care!

Pneumonia is not a new disease. Year of pneumonia in 1936 became the number one cause of death in the United States. The use of antibiotics, the disease can be controlled a few years later. But in 2000, a combination of pneumonia and influenza handed back.


In Indonesia, pneumonia is the number three cause of death after kardiovaskuler and tuberculosis. Socio-economic factors that heighten low mortality. Pneumonia cases found most of the children under five. According to WHO reports, about 800,000 to 1 million children die each year due to pneumonia. Moreover, UNICEF and WHO pneumonia as the cause of death of children under five the highest, than other diseases such as measles, malaria, and AIDS.

Pneumonia is an infection that causes lung excited. Air pockets in tuberculosis called alveoli filled with pus and fluid, so the ability to absorb oxygen into less. Lack of oxygen makes the body cells can not work. Because this is, in addition to the spread of infection throughout the body, people with pneumonia can die. Pneumonia is not actually a single disease. The causes can be diverse and there are 30 known sources of infection with the primary source of bacteria, viruses, mikroplasma, fungi, and various chemical compound particles.

Pneumonia is the process of acute infection of the network lungs (alveoli). The occurrence of pneumonia in children are often at the same time with the process of acute infection on bronkus (usually called bronchopneumonia). Symptoms of this disease is a quick breath and shortness of breath, because tuberculosis is suddenly hot. Delivery is quick breath respiratory frequency of 50 times per minute or more in children aged 2 months to less than 1 year old, and 40 times per minute or more children at age 1 year to less than 5 years. On children under the age of 2 months, pneumonia diagnosis is not known.

Pneumonia with marked weight, or cough (also accompanied) difficulty breathing, shortness of breath or chest wall drawing down to the children in the age of 2 months to less than 5 years. In the age group is known also very heavy with pneumonia symptoms of cough, difficulty breathing accompanied by symptoms of central sianosis and can not drink. While for children under 2 months, pneumonia heavily marked with respiratory frequency of 60 times per minute or more, or (also with) drawing on the strong side under the chest wall to the inside.

According to the medical specialist of tuberculosis RSIA Jatinegara Hermina, PhD. Bambang Supriyatno SpA (K), the difference between pneumonia with TB is on the type of microorganisms that menginfeksi. Pneumonia''in the community generally, caused by bacteria, viruses or mikoplasma (the form of the transition between the bacteria and viruses),''he said. Bambang said, is a common bacteria streptococcus Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Sp, Pseudomonas sp. Meanwhile, viruses such as influenza virus. "In TB, the type of microorganisms that menginfeksinya is mikrobakterium tuberculosis,''sambungnya. Rentannya children exposed to disease due to pneumonia generally weak or not the body's immune system sempurnanya five. Therefore, mikrorganisme or bacteria more easily penetrate the body defense.

Types of pneumococcus bacteria or pneumokok the latter over the more popular types of dikenalnya disease Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD). In addition to pneumonia, including the IPD peritonitis is the brain (meningitis) or blood infection (bakteremia). "In the pneumonia caused by bacteria pneumokok, often result in complications and patients are also exposed to meningitis or bakteremia," said Bambang.

Specialist children's doctor RSAB Harapan Kita, PhD. Attila Dewanti SpA said that the bacteria pneumokok this infection can enter through the mouth and throat area, the network mukosa ago penetrate into blood vessel, the flow of blood to the lungs and brain membrane. "As a result, relief and tuberculosis infection in the brain membrane," he added.

Symptoms are particularly fever, shortness of breath, rapid pulse and breath, sputum color, or greenness, such as rubber, and the results of the X-ray image shows the density at the paru. Density occurs because the cells filled with tuberculosis and the inflammation is actually a liquid reaction body to kill bacteria. But the result, tuberculosis is interrupted, the patient experienced difficulty breathing, as it left no room for oxygen.

However, the initial symptoms are often quite simple to make parents less vigilant against this disease. "Parents often come too late to bring her son to the doctor. Because the initial symptoms of fever and cough, parents often treat themselves at home with the usual drugs, when taken to the shortness of new doctors, "said Atilla. Because doctors spesialins the neurologi children should declare this when children high fever and cough, flee to the doctor to search out.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Pneumonia diagnosis is done in many ways. First with the general physical examination. Then there are checks penunjuang such as tuberculosis and roentgen examination of blood. Handling of pneumonia also can be done in different ways. Generally, the treatment with antibiotics. "People with pneumonia can be cured when you are given antibiotics according to the type of kumannya, just need a high dose and long-time," said Atilla.

However, the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant or start some kind of immune to antibiotics. Even the Asia stated as hot zone, ie, areas with high levels of resistance to bacterial pneumokok. Therefore, when pneumonia experienced quite severe, were also done in a way opname. With special care in the hospital, patients can get some rest and a more intensive treatment, or even as a supplementary oxygen therapy. In addition, people with pneumonia also requires a lot of fluids to prevent dehydration. This fluid can be obtained in a way many white and drinking water through infus.

For pneumonia virus by up to this time there is no specific guidance, although some antiviral drugs have been used. Most patients can be treated at home. Usually, a doctor who handles pneumonia akan appropriate consideration memilihkan drugs each, after the patient's temperature back to normal, your doctor will instruct advanced treatment to prevent kekambuhan. What, the next attack is more serious than the first. In addition to antibiotics, patients will also receive additional treatment such as the pattern of food and oxygen to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood.

In some cases, Atilla explain that pneumonia is a complication that can leave the various side effects. "Children can experience many side effects such as interference acumen, development of motor disturbances, hearing disturbances and speech delay," he said. However, Bambang still making sure that children with pneumonia can be cured with the total and normal life.

Prevention

Of disease Pnemonia become the focus of the program P2ISPA (Pemberantasan disease acute respiratory tract infection). This program is the term that causes pneumonia is well known community, making it easier for espionage activities and the dissemination of information about penanggulangannya. Program P2ISPA classify patients into 2 age groups. That is, under the age of 2 months (Pnemonia Weight and Not Pnemonia) and the age of 2 months to less than 5 years.

Non-pnemonia classification includes five groups of people with coughs that do not show symptoms of increased frequency of breath and does not indicate the existence of withdrawal chest wall into the bottom. Disease outside the ISPA pneumonia include cough-cold, pharyngitis, tonsilitis and otitis. Classic expression of that "better to prevent than treat" really relevant to the disease is pneumonia. Given that the more difficult it treated, mainly associated with increasing resistance pneumococcal bacteria, the precaution is recommended.

IPD prevention of diseases, including pneumonia, can be done in a way or pneumococcal vaccination is also often referred to as the IPD vaccine. According to Atilla who also served in a special clinic to grow the flower children RSAB we hope, the opportunity to prevent the pneumonia vaccine IPD is around 80-90%.

The ideal time of the IPD vaccine, according to Atilla explanation is 4 times as much, ie, at the time a baby aged 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and repeated again at the age of 12 months. Atilla reinforce that the vaccine is safe and can be given simultaneously with other vaccines such as Hib, MMR and Hepatitis B.

In addition to immunization, prevention of pneumonia according to Bambang is to maintain the balance of nutrition of children. "In addition, children have strived to be the body resistance is good, among others, with the way sport is also enough rest," he explained.

Pneumonia by bacteria

Triggered bacterial pneumonia can attack anyone, from babies to old age. Actual cause of bacterial pneumonia is the most common is Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy human esophagus. Once the body's defense decreased by sickness, old age, or malnutrition, the bacteria multiply quickly and cause damage to themselves. Entire network to be fluid and tuberculosis infection quickly spread to the entire body through the bloodstream.

Patients infected with the pneumonia akan high heat, sweat, breath panting, and increased heart beat faster. Lips and nails may turn blue due to lack of oxygen the body. In the case of eksterm, akan mengigil patients, dental bergemelutuk, chest pain, cough and remove the mucus that is green. Before too late, this disease can still be treated. Even for the prevention of vaccine has been available.

By pneumonia virus

Half of the pneumonia outbreak is caused by a virus. Currently, only the more successful viruses identified. Although the virus-the virus is most offensive lines the top of the respiratory-especially in children, this interference can trigger pneumonia. Fortunately, most of this type of pneumonia and weight does not recover in a short time.

However, when infection occurred simultaneously with the influenza virus, interference can cause serious and sometimes death, the virus menginfeksi tuberculosis akan breed even though the network does not appear to be tuberculosis of liquids. Symptoms of pneumonia by the same virus with the influenza, the fever, headache, dry cough, pain throughout the body. And exhausted, for 12 - 136 hours, packed into the breath, coughing, and the great amount of mucus produced. High fever sometimes make lips become blue.

Pneumonia mikoplasma

This different type of pneumonia symptoms and physical signs of pneumonia when compared with the general. Therefore, it is suspected of pneumonia caused by a virus that has not found this is often also called the pneumonia that is not typical (Atypical Penumonia). Mikoplasma can not be classified as viruses or bacteria, although it has characteristics of both. Pneumonia produced berderajat usually mild and widespread. Mikoplasma attack all types of ages. But most often in male children and young adolescents. Death rate is very low, even in the not treated.

The most frequent symptom is coughing heavily, but with a little mucus. Fever and shivering appear only at the beginning, and in some patients can be nausea and vomiting. Feeling weak in the new lost time.

Other types of pneumonia

Included in this group is Pneumocystitis Carinii pnumonia (PCP) is alleged to be caused by fungi, PCP is usually a sign of early disease in the HIV / AIDS. PCP can be treated in many cases. This disease can appear again in a few months later, but a good treatment to prevent or akan menundah kekambuhan. Pneumonia that is caused by the inclusion of rare food, liquid, gas, dust and fungus. Rickettsia-entry is also between the virus and bacteria-caused Rocky Mountain fever, Q fever, typhus, and psittacosis. Diseases is also disrupt the function of tuberculosis, pneumonia and tuberculosis eyebrow TB tuberculosis infection is the most dangerous unless dioabati since early.

Source: Kids Magazines inspire